Key Distinctions

Objective vs. Subjective

We can and should judge objective actions (according to Church teaching)
All subjective judgment (ie. the state of a person's soul) is reserved for God. We don't judge anyone.

example:
Objective teaching: There is no salvation outside of the Catholic Church.
This does not mean all non-Catholics automatically go to hell. God judges their soul.
We cannot subjectively say all Protestants are in hell.


Valid vs. Licit

Valid means it takes place
Licit means it is allowed

example:
Orthodox mass validly confects the Eucharist.
Orthodox mass is illicit.


Material vs. Formal

Material means something takes place or that something is there
Formal means it is explicitly stated

example:
If someone says, in accordance with tradition (says something heretical), they're in material heresy.
If someone says, contrary to tradition (says something heretical), they're a formal heretic and by their own words, put themselves outside of the Catholic Church.


Act vs Potency

Act a thing is presently
Potentially means it could be so.

Example:
All people are saved potentially, but not in actuality.
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Heresy, Schism, Error

Heresy - you deny at least one dogma of the faith.
Schism - you deny the Pope's authority
Error - you make an honest mistake about what you think the Church teaches. (Once you are corrected, you now must conform to the faith or risk heresy).


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Tradition, Scripture, Magisterium

Tradition (in broad sense)- Everything passed on from Christ to Apostles which were to be passed on
                 to everyone.
Tradition (in the strict sense)- oral teachings Christ passed on
Scripture- Bible
Magisterium- Magisterium is a function, not a source of revealed Truth. Magisterium is part of
                Tradition (in the broad sense)

Great books on Tradition and it's binding force:

Roberto De Mattei - Apologia for Tradition
Fr. Chad Ripperger - Binding Force of Tradition

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Ordinary vs. Extraordinary Magisterium

Most of the time, the Pope doesn't speak through Extraordinary Magisterium (ie. Ex Cathedra and Ecumenical Councils).

Ordinary Magisterium (eg. Encyclicals) are binding on the faithful forever (on matters of faith and moral; as long as it is in accordance with traditional church teachings). Humani Generis #20

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Infallible vs. Binding

There are different levels of theological certainty.
Just because something is not infallible doesn't mean it is not certain or binding.



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Chastity vs. Celibacy

Chastity is for EVERYONE according to their state of life.
Celibacy is for people who are not married.


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Liberty/Freedom: Psychological vs. Moral

We have free will (psychological freedom to choose whatever we want)

We do not have moral freedom to choose faith and morals
Christianity: God determines what we believe and how we act


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Diversity

Diversity of culture
Diversity of thoughts
Diversity of values

Study done by a liberal found diversity of culture and thought are only helpful if values are the same.
If there is a diversity of values, then diversity of culture and thoughts hurts.
Conclusion: we must on values
How can you do this without an objective standard? You cannot

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U.S. rights have been inverted from the Founding and Framing of the nation to now.

Right to Life was inverted to Right to Death (abortion and euthanasia)

Right to Liberty was inverted to Right to License (freedom to do anything you want)

Right to Private Property inverted to Right to Public Property (ie. other's money)

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